Mo davvisámegiela aspektuála vearbasuorgásat geavahuvvojit ovtta máinnasteaddji idioleavttas?
Sierge Rasmus (Giellagas instituhta – Oulu universitehta)
Viečča artihkkala: Mo davvisámegiela aspektuála vearbasuorgásat geavahuvvojit ovtta máinnasteaddji idioleavttas? (pdf).
Dán artihkkala ulbmilin lea govvidit davvisámegiela aspektuála vearbasuorgásiid geavaheami hállangielas, eandaliige máinnasteami konteavsttas. Lean iežan dutkamušas guorahallan ovtta máinnasteaddji idioleavtta ja mo su hállangielas adnojit aspektuála suorggádusat ja aspektuála veahkkevearbbat. Dutkangažaldagat mus leat golbma: 1) Leatgo –lit-suorgásiin suorggiduvvon lihkadanvearbbat eanet subitiiva- go inkoatiivavearbbat? 2) Makkár gaskavuohta lea momentána- ja diminutiivavearbbain? ja 3) Leago erohus das, ahte almmuhuvvogo doaimma progrešuvdna veahkkevearbbain vai suorggádusain?
Guovddáš boađusin lean gávnnahan dan, ahte subitiivadulkojupmi orru geatnegahttimin lihkadeapmái loahppačuoggá, vai lea vejolaš meroštallat leago dat dáhpáhuvvan jođánit. Nuppi dutkančuolmma guorahallan čájehii, ahte dain dáhpáhusain go kontinuatiiva –at-verbii ja frekventatiiva –ut-verbii ii leat gávdnamis momentána –et-vearba, de daid bokte –stit-suorggis buvttada momentána- iige diminutiivavearbba. Konatiivavearba buktá ovdan geahččaleami, nugo ovdamearkka dihte oastit > oastalit. Aspektuála veahkkevearba geahččalit dahje iskat adno dávjá sullalas mearkkašumi ovdanbuktimii. Veahkkevearbba ja suorggádusa atnimis lea erohussan dat, ahte konatiivavearbbain almmuhuvvo duratiiva geahččaleapmi ja veahkkevearbbain punktuála iskan dahje geahččaleapmi. Go veahkkevearbbain almmuha progrešuvnna aspeavtta, de sáhttá almmuhit máŋgga ášši álgima dahje nohkama oktanaga, muhto inkoatiivavearba almmuha dušše ovtta ášši álgima.
Fáddásánit: aspeakta, aspektuála suorggideapmi, vearba, veahkkevearba, hállangiella
Aspectual derivations in one storyteller’s idiolect
I present research on North Sámi aspectual derivations and aspectual auxiliary verbs in the context of storytelling. Three research questions motivated this study: 1) Can one tell the difference between subitive and inchoative –lit-derivations from verbs that describe movement? 2) What kind of relationship do momentaneous and diminutive derivations have? and 3) Is there a difference between using aspectual auxiliary verbs vs. aspectually derived verbs when expressing progressive aspect?
My research has shown that the subitive interpretation requires knowledge of the end point of the movement so one can tell whether the movement was completed quickly. For the second question, the answer seems to be that in those cases when there is no momentaneous –et-verb equivalent for frequentative –ut– and durative –at-verbs, momentaneous verbs can be derived with diminutive suffix –stit.
Concerning the use of either an aspectual auxiliary verb or aspectual derivation to express progressive aspect, there seems to be a difference. Usually with the inchoative derivation you can tell that one action or event is beginning, but with an auxiliary verb you can express multiple things beginning at the very same moment. Conative derivations express that some keeps trying something, but usually when using a verbal construct with an aspectual auxiliary verb the action of trying is punctual.
Keywords: aspect, aspectual derivation, verb, auxiliary verb, spoken language