Vincent Carrier will publically defend his PhD thesis entitled, “Microbial community structure associated to Arctic cold seeps” on November 29th 2021 at UiT – The Arctic University of Norway. This work was funded by the Centre for Arctic Gas Hydrate, Environment, and Climate (CAGE) at UiT.
The trial lecture and public defense will be streamed online.
Popular scientific abstract
Cold seeps are locations on the seafloor where CH4 migrates from reservoirs below sediments towards the atmosphere, sustaining thereby a high microbial and macrofaunal biomass and a diversity contrasting from the surrounding seafloor. The oxidation of methane and sulphide are typically the main sources of primary productivity of these ecosystems and have therefore gained a particular attention in the global oceans. Yet, despite the ubiquitous presence of these seeping sites and the presence of gas hydrates in the Arctic Ocean and its adjacent shelves, the impact of methane on benthic and pelagic microbial communities in this region have remained limited. Recently, five gas hydrate bearing mounds with ongoing methane seeping activity were discovered south of Svalbard, in the northern Barents Sea. In this PhD project, I studied changes in the structure of microbial communities, including both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, and geochemical profiles at these mounds to highlight key microbial groups and to provide insights on their ecological roles. Different niches were addressed, including: deep anaerobic sediments (Paper I and II); niches at the sediment surface at gas flare locations and within bacterial mats and siboglinid fields (Paper III); and above gas flares in the shallow shelf water column (Paper IV). The microbial biodiversity and the structure of communities were successfully identified for each of the habitats listed above. Our investigations revealed a microbial composition similar to other cold seeps: a predominance of archaeal anaerobic methanotrophs (ANME) and sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB) in CH4-rich sediments, a higher abundance of methane oxidizing bacteria associated to the Methylococcales in the surface sediments and water column; and a co-occurrence of other commonly found prokaryotic groups. Yet, uncommon biological traits were also uncovered at these methane seeping sites: the anaerobic oxidation of methane was merely only driven by ANME-1 without the co-occurrence of a specific SRB clade; an abundant methanotroph with little genetic similarity in databases was detected; and a strong niche differentiation of sulphide-oxidizing bacteria within the different bacterial mats. This project has thereby extended our knowledge on the microbial biodiversity at Arctic cold seeps and opened further future research perspective toward microbial activity and metabolism at these high latitudes.
The plan for Vincent Carrier’s public defense for the PhD degree in Science, on November 29th 2021, is as follows:
Trial lecture at 10:15 on the following topic:
‘Deep sea sediment microbial processes, key taxa, and interactions’
PhD thesis defense at 12:15:
‘Microbial community structure associated to Arctic cold seeps’
PhD Thesis is published and available here.
The methane oxidising bacterium Methyloprofundus sedimenti. It was isolated from sea water along the west coast of Svalbard. Picture: Mette Marianne Svenning and Rudi Caeyers, UiT The Arctic University of Norway
Supervisors:
- Professor Mette Svenning, Department of Arctic and Marine Biology
- Associate Professor Dimitri Kalenitchenko, Department of Geosciences
- Researcher Friederike Gründger, Aarhus University, Denmark
- Professor Helge Niemann, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Rsearch and Utrecht University, Switzerland
Evaluation Committee:
- Associate Professor Håkon Dahle, University of Bergen (1 opponent)
- Associate Professor Mylène Hugoni, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Frankrike (2 opponent)
- Professor Rolf Gradinger, AMB (internal member and leader of the committee)
Vincent (bottom right) together with supervisors and opponents. Photo credit: Marie Stetzler.
To read more about the findings of this research:
Gründger, F., Carrier, V., Svenning, M.M., Panieri, G., Vonnahme, T.R., Klasek, S. & Niemann, H. (2019). Methane-fuelled biofilms predominantly composed of methanotrophic ANME-1 in Arctic gas hydrate-related sediments. Scientific Reports, 9, 9725. Also available in Munin at https://hdl.handle.net/10037/16225.
Carrier, V., Svenning, M.M., Gründger, F., Niemann, H., Dessandier, P.A., Panieri, G. & Kalenitchenko, D. (2020). The Impact of Methane on Microbial Communities at Marine Arctic Gas Hydrate Bearing Sediment. Frontiers in Microbiology, 11, 1932. Also available in Munin at https://hdl.handle.net/10037/19507.
Gründger, F., Probandt, D., Knittel, K., Carrier, V., Kalenitchenko, D., Silyakova, A., … Niemann, H. (2021). Seasonal shifts of microbial methane oxidation in Arctic shelf waters above gas seeps. Limnology and Oceanography, 66(5), 1896-1914. Also available in Munin at https://hdl.handle.net/10037/21556.
