{"id":489,"date":"2016-04-12T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2016-04-11T22:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/site.uit.no\/cage\/2016\/04\/12\/ice-streams-can-be-slowed-down-by-gas-hydrates\/"},"modified":"2023-04-04T10:33:39","modified_gmt":"2023-04-04T08:33:39","slug":"ice-streams-can-be-slowed-down-by-gas-hydrates","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/site.uit.no\/cage\/2016\/04\/12\/ice-streams-can-be-slowed-down-by-gas-hydrates\/","title":{"rendered":"Ice streams can be slowed down by gas hydrates"},"content":{"rendered":"<h4>A sticky spot\u00a0the size of a small island\u00a0once\u00a0slowed down a large ice stream. It was\u00a0comprised of gas hydrates\u00a0according to a new study in Nature Geoscience.<\/h4>\n<h6>Text: Maja Sojtaric<\/h6>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>One of the major questions\u00a0today is:\u00a0What are the ice sheets going to do in an\u00a0ever-warming\u00a0climate?\u00a0\u00a0Ice sheets of\u00a0Greenland and\u00a0Antarctica\u00a0are major contributors to the sea level\u00a0rise, which can make life difficult\u00a0for\u00a0many\u00a0coastal nations\u00a0in the near future.<\/p>\n<p>To understand the\u00a0ice sheets\u00a0we need to\u00a0understand\u00a0their\u00a0drainage\u00a0system\u00a0&#8211;\u00a0a key component of this\u00a0is\u00a0ice streams,\u00a0fast-flowing rivers of ice, that deliver ice from the\u00a0centre\u00a0of the ice sheet\u00a0to the oceans.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.egu.eu\/news\/100\/greenlands-fastest-glacier-reaches-record-speeds\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Many\u00a0of these\u00a0ice streams\u00a0are speeding up<\/a>, which may be seen as the logical consequence\u00a0of the warming climate. But some are slowing down, even stopping, examples of this may be found\u00a0in the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0012825207000153?np=y\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ross ice streams\u00a0of\u00a0West Antarctica<\/a>.<\/p>\n<div style=\"width: 512px;\" class=\"wp-video\"><video class=\"wp-video-shortcode\" id=\"video-489-1\" width=\"512\" height=\"288\" autoplay preload=\"metadata\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"video\/mp4\" src=\"https:\/\/site.uit.no\/cage\/wp-content\/uploads\/flow_of_ice_across_antarctica.mp4?_=1\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/site.uit.no\/cage\/wp-content\/uploads\/flow_of_ice_across_antarctica.mp4\">https:\/\/site.uit.no\/cage\/wp-content\/uploads\/flow_of_ice_across_antarctica.mp4<\/a><\/video><\/div>\n<p>A new study in <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/ngeo\/journal\/vaop\/ncurrent\/full\/ngeo2696.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Nature Geoscience<\/a>\u00a0suggests\u00a0that a\u00a0250km2 sticky spot made up of sediments with gas hydrates in them,\u00a0slowed down an ice stream in the Barents Sea. This happened sometime\u00a0during\u00a0the\u00a0last ice age, 20 000 years ago, when the\u00a0Barents Sea\u00a0was covered with\u00a0an\u00a0ice sheet.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0Slipping on mud\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2950\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2950\" style=\"width: 1213px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/site.uit.no\/cage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2_hakjerringdjupet_seafloor-geomorphology.tif\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-2950\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-2950 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/site.uit.no\/cage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2_hakjerringdjupet_seafloor-geomorphology.tif\" alt=\"Ice streams slowed down by gas hydrates\" width=\"1213\" height=\"603\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2950\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sea floor map showing landforms indicating fast-flowing ice ( black lines), and landforms indicating slow-flowing ice (rafted sediments and source depression). Illustration: MAREANO<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>The event left a large footprint on the ocean floor of today.\u00a0This is the first time that gas hydrates have\u00a0been\u00a0inferred\u00a0to put\u00a0brakes on\u00a0an\u00a0ice stream.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;Many factors influence the flow of the ice, but we know that what happens\u00a0at the interface\u00a0between the ice and the ground below\u00a0is\u00a0crucial.\u00a0Our understanding of what is\u00a0happening under\u00a0the\u00a0kilometres\u00a0of\u00a0ice\u00a0remains elusive.\u00a0&#8221; says principal author behind the\u00a0study\u00a0Monica\u00a0Winsborrow.<\/p>\n<p>Ice flows\u00a0fast\u00a0because there is lubrication on the bottom.\u00a0For instance the stream will slide faster on muddy sediments below.<\/p>\n<p>It&#8217;s like slipping in the mud.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;The friction itself creates heat that melts the base of the ice stream. Also geothermal flow and melt water\u00a0from the surface reaching the bottom can lubricate the stream. The gravity takes care of the rest.&#8221; says\u00a0Winsborrow.<\/p>\n<p><b>Hook and loop principle<\/b><\/p>\n<p>But not\u00a0all of the bed is equally lubricated. The sticky spots under the ice\u00a0act almost like\u00a0hook and loop fasteners.\u00a0They hook the ice and hold it back until the critical speed and mass is achieved, and\u00a0the ice stream starts flowing again.<\/p>\n<p>&#8221;\u00a0We know that there are a lot of gas leaks in\u00a0the Barents Sea today.\u00a0And we\u00a0know that there are deeper hydrocarbon reservoirs here. Under the pressure and temperatures of the ice sheet this gas would have created hydrates.&#8221;\u00a0Winsborrow\u00a0states.<\/p>\n<p>The gas hydrates\u00a0contain\u00a0methane molecules trapped in a cage of water molecules. To form they\u00a0absorb\u00a0water from the sediments. This makes sediments under the ice\u00a0stiffer and\u00a0would have strengthened\u00a0them.<\/p>\n<p>Gas hydrates are\u00a0also\u00a0themselves harder, and stiffer than the sediments.\u00a0The result is that\u00a0sediments loose their muddiness, making it harder for the ice\u00a0to slide.\u00a0The stagnated streams will eventually restart again, as\u00a0more ice is\u00a0fed into the stream.<\/p>\n<p><b>Gas hydrates under\u00a0<\/b><b>modern ice sheets<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Gas hydrate sticky spots under\u00a0ice streams are a potentially widespread\u00a0feature\u00a0also today.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/nature\/journal\/v488\/n7413\/abs\/nature11374.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">If\u00a0there are\u00a0gas hydrates under today&#8217;s ice sheets<\/a>,\u00a0they can slow the ice streams. There are studies indicating\u00a0that there\u00a0may be\u00a0vast reservoirs of hydrates under the West Antarctic Ice sheet.\u00a0Anywhere you have a\u00a0hydrocarbon reservoir,\u00a0water, high\u00a0pressure and low temperature, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/ncomms\/2016\/160107\/ncomms10314\/abs\/ncomms10314.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">you will get gas hydrate.<\/a>&#8221; says\u00a0Winsborrow.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2810\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2810\" style=\"width: 1280px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-2810 size-large lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/site.uit.no\/cage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/ice-sheet-stabilising-gas-hydrates.-illustration-a.portnov.jpg\" alt=\"Ice sheets can create, contain and maintain large amounts of gas hydrates, a frozen form of concentrated climate gas methane. The conservative estimate is that Barents Sea Ice sheet contained a 500-meter thick reservoir of gas hydrates. But it may have been over 800 meters thick \u2013 the size of almost three Eiffel Towers stacked on top of each other. Illustration: Alexey Portnov\/CAGE\" width=\"1280\" height=\"1133\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1280px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1280\/1133;\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2810\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ice sheets can create, contain and maintain large amounts of gas hydrates, a frozen form of concentrated climate gas methane. The conservative estimate is that Barents Sea Ice sheet contained a 500-meter thick reservoir of gas hydrates. But it may have been over 800 meters thick \u2013 the size of almost three Eiffel Towers stacked on top of each other. Illustration: Alexey Portnov\/CAGE<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Ice streams of today are extensively monitored with GPS tracking systems, but it is very difficult to gaze beneath three\u00a0kilometres\u00a0of ice to see what is going on at\u00a0the bottom. But scars left by the Barents Sea\u00a0Ice sheet are\u00a0visible\u00a0on the ocean floor\u00a0today. That makes\u00a0this ancient ice sheet\u00a0an important analogue, especially\u00a0for the modern\u00a0West Antarctica Ice Sheet,\u00a0as\u00a0both are based in marine environments.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;We need these analogies from the past.\u00a0Understanding what is happening at the base of ice streams\u00a0is\u00a0important\u00a0for modelling and predicting the\u00a0future of the ice sheets.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A sticky spot\u00a0the size of a small island\u00a0once\u00a0slowed down a large ice stream. It was\u00a0comprised &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"read-more-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/site.uit.no\/cage\/2016\/04\/12\/ice-streams-can-be-slowed-down-by-gas-hydrates\/\">Read more<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> \u00abIce streams can be slowed down by gas hydrates\u00bb<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":123546,"featured_media":490,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-489","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Ice streams can be slowed down by gas hydrates - CAGE, Centre for Arctic Gas Hydrate, Environment and Climate<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/site.uit.no\/cage\/2016\/04\/12\/ice-streams-can-be-slowed-down-by-gas-hydrates\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ice streams can be slowed down by gas hydrates - CAGE, Centre for Arctic Gas Hydrate, Environment and Climate\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"A sticky spot\u00a0the size of a small island\u00a0once\u00a0slowed down a large ice stream. 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